Update on The Newark Earthworks

Last Friday Professor Richard Shiels spoke to a packed Emilia Gathering Room audience about the ongoing campaign to have the Newark Earthworks recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage site. This is an extraordinary effort, involving much local work and support from the United States Department of the Interior. But the focus of the effort is also something truly astonishing: we have here, in Licking County and beyond, the remains of what may be the largest mathematically-related configuration of prehistoric structures in the world. I'll repeat that: THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD. And, to bring the story home, we have here, on our own Kendal campus, a remnant of the civilization that created that configuration.

Here's a bit of the background: about 2000 years ago (say, 100 BCE to 500 CE) the dominant culture in this region of North America was what we now call the Hopewell Culture. (Two quick warnings: "Hopewell" is a modern term, adopted for convenience because we have no idea what the ancient builders called themselves; and it is not useful to think of the Hopewells as a "tribe," since we do not know whether one or many peoples were involved.) The chief legacy of the Hopewells is the structure of great earthworks (now the term preferred to "mounds") that they built. The most striking of these earthworks are not only large but startlingly geometrical – squares, circles, and an octagon. They stand as largely undeciphered monuments to the engineering prowess, mathematical sophistication and record-keeping inventiveness of a civilization that, so far as we know, did not employ writing. For more on the earthworks and the extraordinary Hopewell culture, check out the website earthworks@osu.edu.

Although the centuries of post-Columbian settlement have entailed the destruction of much of this legacy before the purposes of  farmland expansion and urban development, good fortune has left Newark, Ohio, as the home to several sprawling Hopewell sites and made The Ohio State University at Newark a leader in the study of North American archeology.

To demonstrate the immensity of the Earthworks site, Professor Shiels used PowerPoint to show how it dwarfed such famous monuments from the past as Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids. He also explained that, for purposes of the nomination to UNESCO, the Newark Earthworks have been packaged with two other Ohio-based monuments of Hopewell creativity, the sites at Coshocton and Fort Ancient. For sheer present-day visibility of Hopewell achievement, however, the Newark site is clearly the most impressive of the three. If the Earthworks receive designation as a World Heritage site, Licking County is likely to benefit from enhanced tourist trade, and archeological study of the site is likely to attract more funding.

As for that remnant of Hopewell culture that sits on Kendal land, it is a small (burial?) mound, not unlike other unstudied mounds that lie scattered in Licking County along the valley of Raccoon Creek. Professor Shiels visited our mound just before his talk, and because it had never been archeologically investigated, there was little he could say aside from admiring it and confirming that it appeared to be authentic. But that was good to hear. For maybe, if the Newark Earthworks become a World Heritage site, we at Kendal will finally learn more about the significance of the small mound that sits atop the Kendal hill and in the process learn more about the bearers of Hopewell culture who resided on this very acreage two millennia ago.